As well as the male suffix -ec, that has been previously listed by Vidovic-Muha (), the study as well as means the brand new Slovenian male suffix -ar
The original the main report is mostly about the new derivation regarding women and you will male nouns for disciplines in English and you can Slovenian. The study shows that the fresh new dominating kind of feminine nouns for the each other languages relates to derivation thru affixation, while English comes with the compounding. Masculinatives try rare in both languages; they are generally molded in terms of procedures which have been usually felt area of the feminine industries. The new suffix isn’t active but could nevertheless be observed in the word babicar (‘male midwife’). The very best difference in the 2 dialects would be the fact modern-day English appears to be leaving making use of gender-noted versions https://gorgeousbrides.net/fi/blog/kuinka-ostaa/ (with the exception of the brand new unusual feminatives you to are nevertheless), whereas inside the Slovenian, while the confirmed by corpus investigation, the usage feminatives is on the rise. The explanation for that it asymmetry are rooted in the truth that English enjoys a near low-existent grammatical gender system, and usually uses a similar conditions to describe a beneficial male or female in a specific occupation. Ergo, in the example of female referents the application of women nouns happens to be preferred, just like the use of masculine simple variations is on the fresh new decline.
The corpus data suggests that the difference between masculine and you may female nouns getting specialities would be best shown by the investigating its collocators, semantic tastes, and you may semantic relationships (Sinclair 1996 and Philip 2010).
Slovenian nouns denoting specialities features clear referents pertaining to gender, as well as their modern fool around with – confirmed when you look at the corpora – shows an obvious interest towards arrangement ranging from grammatical and physiological genders
Brand new collocators of English masculine and you can female nouns toward checked professions (actress/star, policewoman/policeman into the waiter/waiter) suggests that they share specific semantic environment: associated disciplines; metropolises and you can land of this profession; individual labels; terminology outlining the quality of their work; and normal procedures for the career. Certain certain associative significance are revealed if we take a look at the newest collocators detailing people faculties and appearance. New feminatives often co-can be found that have phrases having stereotypically women character traits and you can identification (and sexual
connotations). This is exactly prior to Caldas-Coulthard and you can Moonlight (2010), whom describe like asymmetries with stereotypes away from gender, sexualization of females, in addition to with age and habits.
Slovenian male/women sets having procedures show comparable results. Regarding semantic taste, we can observe terms linked to regular tips; normal urban centers and landscaping; relevant professions; character traits; and look. Yet the corpus study also tell you specific high differences. The newest pairs from Slovenian masculine and female nouns referring to professions shall be divided in to two teams. The original one constitutes pairs that will be semantically comparable and stylistically un), as sets from the second category is actually susceptible to (a level of) semantic narrowing and you may stylistic marking.
A model on the basic classification is the couples zdravnica/zdravnik (‘female/male doctor’), each of that can co-can be found which have expressions dealing with the type of performs, regular measures and you can associated procedures. The female nouns this kind of sets are stylistically unmarked. The same conclusion should be reached on the sets sodnica/sodnik (‘female/men judge’) and you will vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‘female/men preschool teacher’), however with good caveat. The form of the two sodnica/sodnik convergence throughout the fields regarding laws and athletics; not, the content and additionally mirror the fresh new societal condition of your job – the very first positions (elizabeth.g., constitutional judges) continue to be generally booked for men. The pair vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be defined as a beneficial borderline case anywhere between noted and unmarked meaning. The brand new corpus investigation suggest a level of semantic narrowing and you will stylistic marking: the definition out-of «professor for the students dorm» identifies dudes, since access to adjectives (patient women and you may rigid males) factors to gender stereotyping.